The word of Быть ‘be, exist, play, fare’ is a transitive verb in Russian language. But, the verb of Быть is one of some verbs that used differently than many other verbs. So now, we are going to talk about the using of Быть in sentences. Here we go!
Read also: 7 Coldest Places in Russia that Will Make You “Brrr, It’s Freezing!”
If you need to classify an object or person, refer to any group or category, say:
Есть
‘eat, there is, take, make, pick, walk into’
In Russian modern language, the copula (linking verb) of Быть in the present time is not used.
*The form of third person in singular and present time of Быть — Есть — in these contexts are used as a main form in the book style of speech. For example: Прямая линия есть кратчайшее расстояние между двумя точками. ‘A straight line is a beeline between two points.’
This characteristic is especially for the conversation language. In the book style of speech in similar sentences, the verb of ЯВЛЯТЬСЯ “be, exist” is used.
The verb of ЯВЛЯТЬСЯ as a copula is only used in the present tense, since to express the past and future tense, there is a suitable form of verb: быть (был, будет).
Noun, which is signifying the group or category, to which the object or person belongs, after the copula быть (in the past and future tense) usually stands in the Instrumental case.
Прошедшее Время
(Past Tense) |
Настоящее Время
(Present Tense) |
Будущее Время (Future Tense) |
Иван был студентом.
‘Ivan was a student.’ |
Иван студент.
‘Ivan is a student.’ |
Иван будет студентом.
‘Ivan will be a student.’ |
Анна была студенткой.
‘Anna was a student.’ |
Анна студентка.
‘Anna is a student.’ |
Анна будет студенткой.
‘Anna will be a student.’ |
Они были студентами.
‘They were students.’ |
Они студенты.
‘They are students.’ |
Они будет студентами.
‘They will be students.’ |
A) The verb of быть in the form of past and future tense, is also used in the sentences with predicates, pronounced adjectives (short and long form), participle (in the short form) and adverbs.
Прошедшее Время
(Past Tense) |
Настоящее Время
(Present Tense) |
Будущее Время
(Future Tense) |
Журнал был интересный.
‘The magazine was interesting.’ |
Журнал интересный.
‘The magazine is interesting.’ |
Журнал будет интересный.
‘The magazine will be interesting.’ |
Книга была интересная.
‘The book was interesting.’ |
Книга интересная.
‘The book is interesting.’ |
Книга будет интересная.
‘The book will be interesting.’ |
Рассказы были интересные.
‘The stories were interesting.’ |
Рассказы интересные.
‘The stories are interesting.’ |
Рассказы будет интересные.
‘The stories will be interesting.’ |
Сын был похож на отца.
‘The son looked like his father.’ |
Сын похож на отца.
‘The son looks like his father.’ |
Сын будет похож на отца.
‘The son will look like his father.’ |
Брат был выше сестры.
‘Brother was taller than sister.’ |
Брат выше сестры.
‘Brother is taller than sister.’ |
Брат будет выше сестры.
‘Brother will be taller than sister.’ |
Вчера он был занят.
‘He was busy yesterday.’ |
Сегодня он занят.
‘He is busy today.’ |
Завтра он будет занят.
‘He will be busy tomorrow.’ |
Сын должен был заниматься.
‘The son should be busy.’ |
Сын должен заниматься.
‘The son shall be busy.’ |
Сын должен будет заниматься.
‘The son shall be busy.’ |
Дочь должна была заниматься.
‘Daughter should be busy.’ |
Дочь должна заниматься.
‘Daughter shall be busy.’ |
Дочь должна будет заниматься.
‘Daughter shall be busy.’ |
Дети должны были заниматься.
‘Children should be busy.’ |
Дети должны заниматься.
‘Children shall be busy.’ |
Дети должны будет заниматься.
‘Children shall be busy.’ |
Вчера было холодно.
‘Yesterday was cold.’ |
Вчера холодно.
‘Today is cold.’ |
Завтра будет холодно.
‘Tomorrow will be cold.’ |
На улице было холодно.
‘It was cold on the street.’ |
На улице холодно.
‘It is cold on the street.’ |
На улице будет холодно.
‘It will be cold on the street.’ |
Мальчику было холодно.
‘The boy was cold.’ |
Мальчику холодно.
‘The boy is cold.’ |
Мальчику будет холодно.
‘The boy will be cold.’ |
Девочке было холодно.
‘Tha girl was cold.’ |
Девочке холодно.
‘Tha girl is cold.’ |
Девочке будет холодно.
‘Tha girl will be cold.’ |
Детям было холодно.
‘Children were cold.’ |
Детям is холодно.
‘Children are cold.’ |
Детям будет холодно.
‘Children will be cold.’ |
Больному нужно было лежать.
‘The patient should take a rest.’ |
Больному нужно лежать.
‘The patient needs to take a rest.’ |
Больному нужно будет лежать.
‘The patient will need to take a rest.’ |
B) The verb of быть in the forms of past and future tense is used in the certain situation, when it shows the location of person or object.
Прошедшее Время
(Past Tense) |
Настоящее Время
(Present Tense) |
Будущее Время
(Future Tense) |
Вчера (утром) | Сегодня (сейчас) | Завтра (вечером) |
Отец был дома (на работе).
‘Father was at home (at work).’ |
Отец дома (на работе).
‘Father is at home (at work).’ |
Отец будет дома (на работе).
‘Father will be at home (at work).’ |
Мать была дома (на работе).
‘Mother was at home (at work).’ |
Мать дома (на работе).
‘Mother is at home (at work).’ |
Мать будет дома (на работе).
‘Mother will be at home (at work).’ |
Родители были дома (на работе).
‘Parents were at home (at work).’ |
Родители дома (на работе).
‘Parents are at home (at work).’ |
Родители будут дома (на работе).
‘Parents will be at home (at work).’ |
Read also: Conjugation in Russian Language (Regular and Irregular Verbs)
To tell the absence of person or object, use the sentence without subject:
Отца не была дома.
‘Father was not at home.’ |
Отца нет дома.
‘Father is not at home.’ |
Отца не будет дома.
‘Father will not be at home.’ |
Матери не была дома.
‘Mother was not at home.’ |
Матери нет дома.
‘Mother is not at home.’ |
Матери не будет дома.
‘Mother will not be at home.’ |
Родителей не была дома.
‘Parents were not at home.’ |
Родителей нет дома.
‘Parents are not at home.’ |
Родителей не будет дома.
‘Parents will not be at home.’ |
The verb of быть in the form of past tense could be used in the meaning of ходил ‘walked’, and ездил куда–либо ‘went somewhere’:
Где ты была вчера? ‘Where were you yesterday?’
– Я была в театре. ‘I was in the theater.’
– Я ходила в театр. ‘I went to the theater.’
Those are the explanations about the copula of быть, how to use that verb in sentences. So, how is it guys? Hoping it could be another lesson for you today. You could find other interesting topics beside the language lessons, such as: Typical Diet of Russian Woman Do that You Can Copy, and 8 Most Exclusive Shopping Outlet in Moscow. Have fun with Russian language!
When you are going on holiday to Moscow in December, you would not regret it. The weather will be extremely…
For you who love to travel all over the world, you must try to travel to Russia during the wintertime.…
It is very well known that Russians are very generous in preparing meals. Whenever you are going to your Russian…
When we are talking about the Christmas celebration, you will find that each culture will have its way of celebrating.…
During the wintertime, there are many things we can do. If you want to stay warm, you can stay inside…
One of the most famous tourist destinations in Russia in Saint Petersburg. This place has a beautiful view of the…